Peptide Database
Every profile below is built from published, cited research. Use it as a starting point for your own literature review — always verify against the primary source.
Copper Peptide
AHK-Cu
A copper-binding tripeptide structurally related to GHK-Cu, studied specifically for hair-growth-promoting effects on human hair follicles and dermal papilla cells in an ex vivo organ culture model.
1 cited study
GH Fragment / Lipolytic Peptide
AOD-9604
A modified 16-amino-acid fragment of human growth hormone's C-terminus, engineered to isolate its fat-metabolizing (lipolytic) activity from its growth-promoting effects. The most clinically developed 'GH fragment' compound, though it did not reach approval.
1 cited study
Tissue-Protective Peptide
ARA-290
An 11-amino-acid peptide engineered from a non-hematopoietic region of erythropoietin's structure, studied in a human Phase 2 trial for neuropathic symptoms and metabolic control in type 2 diabetes, and separately granted FDA Orphan Drug status for sarcoidosis-related neuropathic pain.
1 cited study
Gastric-Derived Peptide
BPC-157
A synthetic pentadecapeptide derived from a fragment of human gastric juice protein, studied extensively in rodent models for gastrointestinal, tendon, ligament, and muscle healing.
3 cited studies
Bioregulator Peptide
Bronchogen
A synthetic tetrapeptide (Ala-Glu-Asp-Leu) from the Khavinson bioregulator family, developed from bronchial mucosa extract analysis and studied for direct DNA-stabilizing effects in vitro.
1 cited study
Amylin Receptor Agonist
Cagrilintide
A long-acting synthetic analog of amylin, a pancreatic satiety hormone, developed by Novo Nordisk. Not yet FDA-approved on its own, though a combination product with semaglutide (CagriSema) has advanced through Phase 3 trials.
1 cited study
Growth Hormone Secretagogue
CJC-1295
A long-acting synthetic analog of growth-hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH), studied in a human clinical trial for its ability to produce sustained increases in GH and IGF-I.
2 cited studies
Bioregulator Peptide
Cortagen
A synthetic tetrapeptide (Ala-Glu-Asp-Pro) from the Khavinson bioregulator family, designed from analysis of the natural brain-cortex extract Cortexin, and studied in a rat peripheral nerve regeneration model.
1 cited study
Neuropeptide / Sleep
DSIP (Delta Sleep-Inducing Peptide)
A naturally occurring nonapeptide first isolated from rabbit cerebral blood in the 1970s, studied in small human trials for effects on sleep — with genuinely mixed results across studies.
1 cited study
Bioregulator Peptide
Epithalon
A synthetic tetrapeptide (Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly) developed by Vladimir Khavinson's laboratory as a simplified analog of a bovine pineal gland extract, studied primarily for effects on telomerase activity in cultured human cells.
1 cited study
Senolytic Peptide
FOXO4-DRI
A synthetic 'D-retro-inverso' peptide designed to disrupt the FOXO4-p53 protein interaction and selectively trigger apoptosis in senescent ('zombie') cells — one of the foundational compounds in the senolytics research field, studied entirely in animal and cell-culture models to date.
1 cited study
Copper Peptide
GHK-Cu
A naturally occurring human tripeptide (Gly-His-Lys) that binds copper and is studied for roles in wound healing, collagen synthesis, and antioxidant activity.
1 cited study
Growth Hormone Secretagogue
GHRP-2
A synthetic hexapeptide growth hormone secretagogue with a genuine pediatric human clinical trial history, distinguished from more selective secretagogues like ipamorelin by also stimulating ACTH/cortisol release and appetite.
1 cited study
Growth Hormone Secretagogue
GHRP-6
One of the original growth hormone secretagogues, notable for producing the strongest appetite-stimulating effect of the GHRP family — mechanistically explained by its action on the same ghrelin receptor pathway that drives hunger signaling.
1 cited study
Growth Hormone Secretagogue
Hexarelin
A synthetic growth-hormone-releasing hexapeptide notable for a distinct research thread on direct cardioprotective effects in animal models, separate from and independent of its GH-releasing activity.
1 cited study
Growth Factor Analog
IGF-1 LR3
A modified analog of insulin-like growth factor 1, engineered for reduced binding to IGF-binding proteins and a longer half-life than native IGF-1. Studied in an animal model examining body composition during food restriction.
1 cited study
Growth Hormone Secretagogue
Ipamorelin
A pentapeptide growth hormone secretagogue studied for its selective stimulation of growth hormone release without the cortisol/ACTH elevation seen with earlier secretagogues.
1 cited study
Reproductive Neuroendocrine Peptide
Kisspeptin-10
The shortest active fragment of kisspeptin, a naturally occurring peptide that sits upstream of the reproductive hormone axis. Studied directly in human clinical trials for its ability to stimulate luteinizing hormone release.
1 cited study
Anti-Inflammatory Peptide
KPV
A tripeptide corresponding to the C-terminal sequence of alpha-MSH, studied in mouse models of inflammatory bowel disease for anti-inflammatory activity that appears to work through a different mechanism than the melanocortin receptors alpha-MSH normally acts on.
1 cited study
Antimicrobial Peptide
LL-37
The only cathelicidin-family antimicrobial peptide found in humans, naturally produced in skin and immune cells, studied for combined antimicrobial and wound-healing activity — of particular interest for infected, biofilm-forming wounds.
1 cited study
Melanocortin Receptor Agonist
Melanotan I
A selective MC1R agonist, structurally related to Melanotan II but far more receptor-selective. Its pharmaceutical form, afamelanotide, is FDA-approved (as Scenesse) for a rare light-sensitivity disorder — a meaningfully different regulatory story than Melanotan II.
1 cited study
Melanocortin Receptor Agonist
Melanotan II
A non-selective melanocortin receptor agonist studied in an early human phase-I trial for its skin-pigmentation (tanning) effects. Not approved for any medical use, and case reports document serious toxicity from unsupervised use.
2 cited studies
Growth Hormone Secretagogue
MK-677
An orally active, non-peptide growth hormone secretagogue (a 'ghrelin mimetic') with a substantial human clinical trial history in older adults, including a 12-month randomized trial — and a clear, verified failure to slow Alzheimer's disease progression in a dedicated trial.
2 cited studies
Mitochondrial-Derived Peptide
MOTS-c
A 16-amino-acid peptide encoded within mitochondrial DNA itself (rather than nuclear DNA), naturally induced by exercise and studied for effects on glucose metabolism and metabolic stress adaptation.
1 cited study
Neuropeptide Hormone
Oxytocin
A naturally occurring 9-amino-acid hormone with an FDA-approved use in labor and postpartum bleeding — and a large, separate research literature on intranasal oxytocin's effects on social behavior, where results have been notably inconsistent.
1 cited study
Neuropeptide
PE-22-28
A synthetic 7-amino-acid peptide derived from spadin (not spexin — a common mix-up in secondary sources), designed as a TREK-1 potassium channel antagonist and studied for antidepressant-like activity in a mouse model.
1 cited study
Growth Factor Analog
PEG-MGF
A PEGylated (half-life-extended) form of Mechano Growth Factor, a splice variant of IGF-1 proposed to activate muscle satellite cells after mechanical loading.
1 cited study
Bioregulator Peptide
Pinealon
A synthetic tripeptide (Glu-Asp-Arg) from the Khavinson bioregulator family, studied for neuroprotective effects in rodent models of oxidative stress and prenatal injury.
1 cited study
Melanocortin Receptor Agonist
PT-141 (Bremelanotide)
A melanocortin receptor (MC3R/MC4R) agonist studied for sexual dysfunction. Notable among peptides referenced on this site for having reached FDA approval (as Vyleesi) via large-scale Phase 3 human trials.
2 cited studies
GIP/GLP-1/Glucagon Triple Receptor Agonist
Retatrutide
An investigational triple hormone-receptor agonist (GIP, GLP-1, and glucagon receptors) from Eli Lilly, showing the largest reported weight-loss effect of the major incretin-class drugs in Phase 2 data — not yet FDA-approved. Sold under the coded name 'GLP-3 RT.'
1 cited study
Anxiolytic Peptide
Selank
A synthetic heptapeptide derived from tuftsin, developed in Russia and studied for anxiolytic (anti-anxiety) effects in both animal models and a Russian human clinical trial.
2 cited studies
GLP-1 Receptor Agonist
Semaglutide
An FDA-approved GLP-1 receptor agonist with one of the largest human clinical trial bases of any compound on this site. Sold by research-chemical vendors under coded names like 'GLP-1 SMG' — this profile is about the actual approved drug, semaglutide.
1 cited study
Nootropic / Neuroprotective Peptide
Semax
A synthetic heptapeptide derived from a fragment of ACTH, developed in Russia and studied for nootropic (cognition-enhancing) and neuroprotective effects, primarily in animal stroke and Alzheimer's models.
2 cited studies
Growth Hormone Secretagogue
Sermorelin
The shortest fragment of growth-hormone-releasing hormone that retains full biological activity — formerly FDA-approved (as Geref, since discontinued commercially) for diagnosing and treating pediatric growth hormone deficiency, with a well-characterized human clinical record.
1 cited study
Mitochondria-Targeted Peptide
SS-31 (Elamipretide)
A synthetic mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide that received its first FDA approval in September 2025 (as Forzinity, for Barth syndrome) — the first approved mitochondria-targeted therapeutic of its kind, after a long clinical development history under the research name SS-31.
1 cited study
Growth Hormone Secretagogue
Tesamorelin
A stabilized synthetic GHRH analog with the strongest human clinical evidence base of any peptide on this site — FDA-approved since 2010 (brand name Egrifta) for reducing excess abdominal fat in HIV-associated lipodystrophy.
1 cited study
Bioregulator Peptide
Thymalin
A polypeptide complex originally isolated from calf thymus gland, developed by Vladimir Khavinson's research group and studied — most notably — in a long-term Russian elderly cohort for effects on immune function and mortality.
1 cited study
Immunomodulatory Peptide
Thymosin Alpha-1
A 28-amino-acid synthetic peptide with the most mature real-world clinical track record of any peptide on this site — approved as a prescription drug (Zadaxin/thymalfasin) in dozens of countries for hepatitis B and as a vaccine/immune adjuvant, though not FDA-approved in the United States.
1 cited study
Regenerative Peptide
Thymosin Beta-4 (TB-500)
An endogenous 43-amino-acid protein involved in actin regulation, cell migration, and angiogenesis. TB-500 refers to a synthetic fragment/analog studied in the same research literature.
2 cited studies
GIP/GLP-1 Dual Receptor Agonist
Tirzepatide
An FDA-approved dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist with a larger reported weight-loss effect than semaglutide in head-to-head-adjacent trials. Sold by research-chemical vendors under coded names like 'GLP-2 TZ' — this profile is about the actual approved drug, tirzepatide.
1 cited study
Bioregulator Peptide
Vilon
A synthetic dipeptide (Lys-Glu) from the Khavinson bioregulator family, studied for gene-expression effects in mouse cardiac tissue as part of the group's broader theory that very short peptides act as epigenetic regulators.
1 cited study
Neuropeptide / Immunomodulator
VIP (Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide)
A naturally occurring 28-amino-acid neuropeptide with wide-ranging effects on vasodilation, immune regulation, and smooth muscle — studied in a small human Phase II trial for inhaled delivery in sarcoidosis.
1 cited study